As health officials continue to flag Kerala and West Bengal as regions vulnerable to Nipah virus, medical experts are urging authorities and the public to focus on preparedness rather than fear. Though cases remain limited, specialists warn that even a small number of infections warrants immediate attention due to the virus’s exceptionally high fatality rate.

Dr Deep Narayan Mukherjee, Consultant in Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases at CK Birla Hospitals, CMRI, explained that Nipah is particularly dangerous because it often begins with symptoms that appear harmless.

In its early stage, the infection closely resembles a common viral illness, presenting with fever, headache, body aches, cough and throat irritation. These vague signs make early suspicion difficult, increasing the risk of delayed diagnosis. However, the disease can worsen suddenly and severely.

As the infection progresses, it may attack the brain, leading to encephalitis. Patients can develop seizures, confusion, extreme drowsiness and, in severe cases, slip into a coma. This neurological involvement is the primary reason behind the virus’s high death rate.

According to Dr Mukherjee, Nipah has one of the highest mortality rates among viral infections, ranging between 50 and 75 percent. Clinically, the illness follows a two-phase pattern: mild, flu-like symptoms in the beginning, followed by life-threatening complications such as convulsions and loss of consciousness.

The virus is zoonotic in nature, with fruit bats acting as its natural host. Humans may become infected either through intermediate animals like pigs or through direct exposure. Of equal concern is the risk of person-to-person transmission, particularly within healthcare facilities, where close contact can accelerate spread.

Because hospitals can become hotspots for transmission, infection control plays a critical role in containing Nipah. Dr Mukherjee said healthcare workers must treat even mild respiratory cases seriously in endemic areas. Immediate isolation of suspected patients, strict use of protective gear such as N95 masks, gloves and gowns, and adherence to sanitation protocols are essential steps.

He added that government-issued guidelines are already being followed at CMRI, and the hospital is prepared to manage patients presenting with respiratory or neurological symptoms. Once a patient’s condition suggests possible Nipah infection, samples are collected and sent to authorised laboratories for confirmation.

Despite the virus’s severity, experts emphasise that panic is unnecessary at this stage. With only sporadic cases reported, the priority should be early identification, isolation, contact tracing and disciplined implementation of health protocols.

Medical professionals stress that awareness and preparedness remain the strongest defences. In regions where Nipah continues to pose a risk, calm vigilance — not fear — is the key to preventing a wider public health crisis.